vite/docs/guide/build.md

Building for Production

When it is time to deploy your app for production, simply run the vite build command. By default, it uses <root>/index.html as the build entry point, and produces an application bundle that is suitable to be served over a static hosting service. Check out the Deploying a Static Site for guides about popular services.

Browser Compatibility

The production bundle assumes support for modern JavaScript. By default, Vite targets browsers which support the native ES Modules, native ESM dynamic import, and import.meta:

• Chrome >=87
• Firefox >=78
• Safari >=14
• Edge >=88

You can specify custom targets via the build.target config option, where the lowest target is es2015.

Note that by default, Vite only handles syntax transforms and does not cover polyfills. You can check out https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/ which automatically generates polyfill bundles based on the user's browser UserAgent string.

Legacy browsers can be supported via @vitejs/plugin-legacy, which will automatically generate legacy chunks and corresponding ES language feature polyfills. The legacy chunks are conditionally loaded only in browsers that do not have native ESM support.

Public Base Path

• Related: Asset Handling

If you are deploying your project under a nested public path, simply specify the base config option and all asset paths will be rewritten accordingly. This option can also be specified as a command line flag, e.g. vite build --base=/my/public/path/.

JS-imported asset URLs, CSS url() references, and asset references in your .html files are all automatically adjusted to respect this option during build.

The exception is when you need to dynamically concatenate URLs on the fly. In this case, you can use the globally injected import.meta.env.BASE_URL variable which will be the public base path. Note this variable is statically replaced during build so it must appear exactly as-is (i.e. import.meta.env['BASE_URL'] won't work).

For advanced base path control, check out Advanced Base Options.

Customizing the Build

The build can be customized via various build config options. Specifically, you can directly adjust the underlying Rollup options via build.rollupOptions:

export default defineConfig({
  build: {
    rollupOptions: {
      // https://rollupjs.org/configuration-options/
    },
  },
})

For example, you can specify multiple Rollup outputs with plugins that are only applied during build.

Chunking Strategy

You can configure how chunks are split using build.rollupOptions.output.manualChunks (see Rollup docs). If you use a framework, refer to their documentation for configuring how chunks are splitted.

Load Error Handling

Vite emits vite:preloadError event when it fails to load dynamic imports. event.payload contains the original import error. If you call event.preventDefault(), the error will not be thrown.

window.addEventListener('vite:preloadError', (event) => {
  window.location.reload() // for example, refresh the page
})

When a new deployment occurs, the hosting service may delete the assets from previous deployments. As a result, a user who visited your site before the new deployment might encounter an import error. This error happens because the assets running on that user's device are outdated and it tries to import the corresponding old chunk, which is deleted. This event is useful for addressing this situation.

Rebuild on files changes

You can enable rollup watcher with vite build --watch. Or, you can directly adjust the underlying WatcherOptions via build.watch:

// vite.config.js
export default defineConfig({
  build: {
    watch: {
      // https://rollupjs.org/configuration-options/#watch
    },
  },
})

With the --watch flag enabled, changes to the vite.config.js, as well as any files to be bundled, will trigger a rebuild.

Multi-Page App

Suppose you have the following source code structure:

├── package.json
├── vite.config.js
├── index.html
├── main.js
└── nested
    ├── index.html
    └── nested.js

During dev, simply navigate or link to /nested/ - it works as expected, just like for a normal static file server.

During build, all you need to do is to specify multiple .html files as entry points:

// vite.config.js
import { resolve } from 'path'
import { defineConfig } from 'vite'

export default defineConfig({
  build: {
    rollupOptions: {
      input: {
        main: resolve(__dirname, 'index.html'),
        nested: resolve(__dirname, 'nested/index.html'),
      },
    },
  },
})

If you specify a different root, remember that __dirname will still be the folder of your vite.config.js file when resolving the input paths. Therefore, you will need to add your root entry to the arguments for resolve.

Note that for HTML files, Vite ignores the name given to the entry in the rollupOptions.input object and instead respects the resolved id of the file when generating the HTML asset in the dist folder. This ensures a consistent structure with the way the dev server works.

Library Mode

When you are developing a browser-oriented library, you are likely spending most of the time on a test/demo page that imports your actual library. With Vite, you can use your index.html for that purpose to get the smooth development experience.

When it is time to bundle your library for distribution, use the build.lib config option. Make sure to also externalize any dependencies that you do not want to bundle into your library, e.g. vue or react:

// vite.config.js
import { resolve } from 'path'
import { defineConfig } from 'vite'

export default defineConfig({
  build: {
    lib: {
      // Could also be a dictionary or array of multiple entry points
      entry: resolve(__dirname, 'lib/main.js'),
      name: 'MyLib',
      // the proper extensions will be added
      fileName: 'my-lib',
    },
    rollupOptions: {
      // make sure to externalize deps that shouldn't be bundled
      // into your library
      external: ['vue'],
      output: {
        // Provide global variables to use in the UMD build
        // for externalized deps
        globals: {
          vue: 'Vue',
        },
      },
    },
  },
})

The entry file would contain exports that can be imported by users of your package:

// lib/main.js
import Foo from './Foo.vue'
import Bar from './Bar.vue'
export { Foo, Bar }

Running vite build with this config uses a Rollup preset that is oriented towards shipping libraries and produces two bundle formats: es and umd (configurable via build.lib):

$ vite build
building for production...
dist/my-lib.js      0.08 kB / gzip: 0.07 kB
dist/my-lib.umd.cjs 0.30 kB / gzip: 0.16 kB

Recommended package.json for your lib:

{
  "name": "my-lib",
  "type": "module",
  "files": ["dist"],
  "main": "./dist/my-lib.umd.cjs",
  "module": "./dist/my-lib.js",
  "exports": {
    ".": {
      "import": "./dist/my-lib.js",
      "require": "./dist/my-lib.umd.cjs"
    }
  }
}

Or, if exposing multiple entry points:

{
  "name": "my-lib",
  "type": "module",
  "files": ["dist"],
  "main": "./dist/my-lib.cjs",
  "module": "./dist/my-lib.js",
  "exports": {
    ".": {
      "import": "./dist/my-lib.js",
      "require": "./dist/my-lib.cjs"
    },
    "./secondary": {
      "import": "./dist/secondary.js",
      "require": "./dist/secondary.cjs"
    }
  }
}

::: tip File Extensions If the package.json does not contain "type": "module", Vite will generate different file extensions for Node.js compatibility. .js will become .mjs and .cjs will become .js. :::

::: tip Environment Variables In library mode, all import.meta.env.* usage are statically replaced when building for production. However, process.env.* usage are not, so that consumers of your library can dynamically change it. If this is undesirable, you can use define: { 'process.env.NODE_ENV': '"production"' } for example to statically replace them, or use esm-env for better compatibility with bundlers and runtimes. :::

::: warning Advanced Usage Library mode includes a simple and opinionated configuration for browser-oriented and JS framework libraries. If you are building non-browser libraries, or require advanced build flows, you can use Rollup or esbuild directly. :::

Advanced Base Options

::: warning This feature is experimental. Give Feedback. :::

For advanced use cases, the deployed assets and public files may be in different paths, for example to use different cache strategies. A user may choose to deploy in three different paths:

• The generated entry HTML files (which may be processed during SSR)
• The generated hashed assets (JS, CSS, and other file types like images)
• The copied public files

A single static base isn't enough in these scenarios. Vite provides experimental support for advanced base options during build, using experimental.renderBuiltUrl.

import type { UserConfig } from 'vite'
// prettier-ignore
const config: UserConfig = {
// ---cut-before---
experimental: {
  renderBuiltUrl(filename, { hostType }) {
    if (hostType === 'js') {
      return { runtime: `window.__toCdnUrl(${JSON.stringify(filename)})` }
    } else {
      return { relative: true }
    }
  },
},
// ---cut-after---
}

If the hashed assets and public files aren't deployed together, options for each group can be defined independently using asset type included in the second context param given to the function.

import type { UserConfig } from 'vite'
import path from 'node:path'
// prettier-ignore
const config: UserConfig = {
// ---cut-before---
experimental: {
  renderBuiltUrl(filename, { hostId, hostType, type }) {
    if (type === 'public') {
      return 'https://www.domain.com/' + filename
    } else if (path.extname(hostId) === '.js') {
      return { runtime: `window.__assetsPath(${JSON.stringify(filename)})` }
    } else {
      return 'https://cdn.domain.com/assets/' + filename
    }
  },
},
// ---cut-after---
}

Note that the filename passed is a decoded URL, and if the function returns a URL string, it should also be decoded. Vite will handle the encoding automatically when rendering the URLs. If an object with runtime is returned, encoding should be handled yourself where needed as the runtime code will be rendered as is.