vite/docs/guide/api-plugin.md

# Plugin API

Vite plugins extends Rollup's well-designed plugin interface with a few extra Vite-specific options. As a result, you can write a Vite plugin once and have it work for both dev and build.

**It is recommended to go through [Rollup's plugin documentation](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#plugin-development) first before reading the sections below.**

## Conventions

If the plugin doesn't use Vite specific hooks and can be implemented as a [Compatible Rollup Plugin](#rollup-plugin-compatibility), then it is recommended to use the [Rollup Plugin naming conventions](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#conventions)

- Rollup Plugins should have a clear name with `rollup-plugin-` prefix.
- Include `rollup-plugin` and `vite-plugin` keywords in package.json.

This exposes the plugin to be also used in pure Rollup or WMR based projects

For Vite only plugins

- Vite Plugins should have a clear name with `vite-plugin-` prefix.
- Include `vite-plugin` keyword in package.json.
- Include a section in the plugin docs detailing why it is a Vite only plugin (for example, it uses Vite specific plugin hooks).

If your plugin is only going to work for a particular framework, its name should be included as part of the prefix

- `vite-plugin-vue-` prefix for Vue Plugins
- `vite-plugin-react-` prefix for React Plugins
- `vite-plugin-svelte-` prefix for Svelte Plugins

## Plugins config

Users will add plugins to the project `devDependencies` and configure them using the `plugins` array option.

```js
// vite.config.js
import vitePlugin from 'vite-plugin-feature'
import rollupPlugin from 'rollup-plugin-feature'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [vitePlugin(), rollupPlugin()]
})
```

Falsy plugins will be ignored, which can be used to easily activate or deactivate plugins.

`plugins` also accept presets including several plugins as a single element. This is useful for complex features (like framework integration) that are implemented using several plugins. The array will be flattened internally.

```js
// framework-plugin
import frameworkRefresh from 'vite-plugin-framework-refresh'
import frameworkDevtools from 'vite-plugin-framework-devtools'

export default function framework(config) {
  return [frameworkRefresh(config), frameworkDevTools(config)]
}
```

```js
// vite.config.js
import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
import framework from 'vite-plugin-framework'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [framework()]
})
```

## Simple Examples

:::tip
It is common convention to author a Vite/Rollup plugin as a factory function that returns the actual plugin object. The function can accept options which allows users to customize the behavior of the plugin.
:::

### Importing a Virtual File

```js
export default function myPlugin() {
  const virtualFileId = '@my-virtual-file'

  return {
    name: 'my-plugin', // required, will show up in warnings and errors
    resolveId(id) {
      if (id === virtualFileId) {
        return virtualFileId
      }
    },
    load(id) {
      if (id === virtualFileId) {
        return `export const msg = "from virtual file"`
      }
    }
  }
}
```

Which allows importing the file in JavaScript:

```js
import { msg } from '@my-virtual-file'

console.log(msg)
```

### Transforming Custom File Types

```js
const fileRegex = /\.(my-file-ext)$/

export default function myPlugin() {
  return {
    name: 'transform-file',

    transform(src, id) {
      if (fileRegex.test(id)) {
        return {
          code: compileFileToJS(src),
          map: null // provide source map if available
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
```

## Universal Hooks

During dev, the Vite dev server creates a plugin container that invokes [Rollup Build Hooks](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#build-hooks) the same way Rollup does it.

The following hooks are called once on server start:

- [`options`](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#options)
- [`buildStart`](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#buildstart)

The following hooks are called on each incoming module request:

- [`resolveId`](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#resolveid)
- [`load`](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#load)
- [`transform`](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#transform)

The following hooks are called when the server is closed:

- [`buildEnd`](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#buildend)
- [`closeBundle`](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#closebundle)

Note that the [`moduleParsed`](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#moduleparsed) hook is **not** called during dev, because Vite avoids full AST parses for better performance.

[Output Generation Hooks](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#output-generation-hooks) (except `closeBundle`) are **not** called during dev. You can think of Vite's dev server as only calling `rollup.rollup()` without calling `bundle.generate()`.

## Vite Specific Hooks

Vite plugins can also provide hooks that serve Vite-specific purposes. These hooks are ignored by Rollup.

### `config`

- **Type:** `(config: UserConfig, env: { mode: string, command: string }) => UserConfig | null | void`
- **Kind:** `async`, `sequential`

  Modify Vite config before it's resolved. The hook receives the raw user config (CLI options merged with config file) and the current config env which exposes the `mode` and `command` being used. It can return a partial config object that will be deeply merged into existing config, or directly mutate the config (if the default merging cannot achieve the desired result).

  **Example:**

  ```js
  // return partial config (recommended)
  const partialConfigPlugin = () => ({
    name: 'return-partial',
    config: () => ({
      alias: {
        foo: 'bar'
      }
    })
  })

  // mutate the config directly (use only when merging doesn't work)
  const mutateConfigPlugin = () => ({
    name: 'mutate-config',
    config(config, { command }) {
      if (command === 'build') {
        config.root = __dirname
      }
    }
  })
  ```

  ::: warning Note
  User plugins are resolved before running this hook so injecting other plugins inside the `config` hook will have no effect.
  :::

### `configResolved`

- **Type:** `(config: ResolvedConfig) => void | Promise<void>`
- **Kind:** `async`, `parallel`

  Called after the Vite config is resolved. Use this hook to read and store the final resolved config. It is also useful when the plugin needs to do something different based the command is being run.

  **Example:**

  ```js
  const examplePlugin = () => {
    let config

    return {
      name: 'read-config',

      configResolved(resolvedConfig) {
        // store the resolved config
        config = resolvedConfig
      },

      // use stored config in other hooks
      transform(code, id) {
        if (config.command === 'serve') {
          // serve: plugin invoked by dev server
        } else {
          // build: plugin invoked by Rollup
        }
      }
    }
  }
  ```

### `configureServer`

- **Type:** `(server: ViteDevServer) => (() => void) | void | Promise<(() => void) | void>`
- **Kind:** `async`, `sequential`
- **See also:** [ViteDevServer](./api-javascript#vitedevserver)

  Hook for configuring the dev server. The most common use case is adding custom middlewares to the internal [connect](https://github.com/senchalabs/connect) app:

  ```js
  const myPlugin = () => ({
    name: 'configure-server',
    configureServer(server) {
      server.middlewares.use((req, res, next) => {
        // custom handle request...
      })
    }
  })
  ```

  **Injecting Post Middleware**

  The `configureServer` hook is called before internal middlewares are installed, so the custom middlewares will run before internal middlewares by default. If you want to inject a middleware **after** internal middlewares, you can return a function from `configureServer`, which will be called after internal middlewares are installed:

  ```js
  const myPlugin = () => ({
    name: 'configure-server',
    configureServer(server) {
      // return a post hook that is called after internal middlewares are
      // installed
      return () => {
        server.middlewares.use((req, res, next) => {
          // custom handle request...
        })
      }
    }
  })
  ```

  **Storing Server Access**

  In some cases, other plugin hooks may need access to the dev server instance (e.g. accessing the web socket server, the file system watcher, or the module graph). This hook can also be used to store the server instance for access in other hooks:

  ```js
  const myPlugin = () => {
    let server
    return {
      name: 'configure-server',
      configureServer(_server) {
        server = _server
      },
      transform(code, id) {
        if (server) {
          // use server...
        }
      }
    }
  }
  ```

  Note `configureServer` is not called when running the production build so your other hooks need to guard against its absence.

### `transformIndexHtml`

- **Type:** `IndexHtmlTransformHook | { enforce?: 'pre' | 'post' transform: IndexHtmlTransformHook }`
- **Kind:** `async`, `sequential`

  Dedicated hook for transforming `index.html`. The hook receives the current HTML string and a transform context. The context exposes the [`ViteDevServer`](./api-javascript#vitedevserver) instance during dev, and exposes the Rollup output bundle during build.

  The hook can be async and can return one of the following:

  - Transformed HTML string
  - An array of tag descriptor objects (`{ tag, attrs, children }`) to inject to the existing HTML. Each tag can also specify where it should be injected to (default is prepending to `<head>`)
  - An object containing both as `{ html, tags }`

  **Basic Example:**

  ```js
  const htmlPlugin = () => {
    return {
      name: 'html-transform',
      transformIndexHtml(html) {
        return html.replace(
          /<title>(.*?)<\/title>/,
          `<title>Title replaced!</title>`
        )
      }
    }
  }
  ```

  **Full Hook Signature:**

  ```ts
  type IndexHtmlTransformHook = (
    html: string,
    ctx: {
      path: string
      filename: string
      server?: ViteDevServer
      bundle?: import('rollup').OutputBundle
      chunk?: import('rollup').OutputChunk
    }
  ) =>
    | IndexHtmlTransformResult
    | void
    | Promise<IndexHtmlTransformResult | void>

  type IndexHtmlTransformResult =
    | string
    | HtmlTagDescriptor[]
    | {
        html: string
        tags: HtmlTagDescriptor[]
      }

  interface HtmlTagDescriptor {
    tag: string
    attrs?: Record<string, string | boolean>
    children?: string | HtmlTagDescriptor[]
    /**
     * default: 'head-prepend'
     */
    injectTo?: 'head' | 'body' | 'head-prepend' | 'body-prepend'
  }
  ```

### `handleHotUpdate`

- **Type:** `(ctx: HmrContext) => Array<ModuleNode> | void | Promise<Array<ModuleNode> | void>`

  Perform custom HMR update handling. The hook receives a context object with the following signature:

  ```ts
  interface HmrContext {
    file: string
    timestamp: number
    modules: Array<ModuleNode>
    read: () => string | Promise<string>
    server: ViteDevServer
  }
  ```

  - `modules` is an array of modules that are affected by the changed file. It's an array because a single file may map to multiple served modules (e.g. Vue SFCs).

  - `read` is an async read function that returns the content of the file. This is provided because on some systems, the file change callback may fire too fast before the editor finishes updating the file and direct `fs.readFile` will return empty content. The read function passed in normalizes this behavior.

  The hook can choose to:

  - Filter and narrow down the affected module list so that the HMR is more accurate.

  - Return an empty array and perform complete custom HMR handling by sending custom events to the client:

    ```js
    handleHotUpdate({ server }) {
      server.ws.send({
        type: 'custom',
        event: 'special-update',
        data: {}
      })
      return []
    }
    ```

    Client code should register corresponding handler using the [HMR API](./api-hmr) (this could be injected by the same plugin's `transform` hook):

    ```js
    if (import.meta.hot) {
      import.meta.hot.on('special-update', (data) => {
        // perform custom update
      })
    }
    ```

## Plugin Ordering

A Vite plugin can additionally specify an `enforce` property (similar to webpack loaders) to adjust its application order. The value of `enforce` can be either `"pre"` or `"post"`. The resolved plugins will be in the following order:

- Alias
- User plugins with `enforce: 'pre'`
- Vite core plugins
- User plugins without enforce value
- Vite build plugins
- User plugins with `enforce: 'post'`
- Vite post build plugins (minify, manifest, reporting)

## Conditional Application

By default plugins are invoked for both serve and build. In cases where a plugin needs to be conditionally applied only during serve or build, use the `apply` property to only invoke them during `'build'` or `'serve'`:

```js
function myPlugin() {
  return {
    name: 'build-only',
    apply: 'build' // or 'serve'
  }
}
```

## Rollup Plugin Compatibility

A fair number of Rollup plugins will work directly as a Vite plugin (e.g. `@rollup/plugin-alias` or `@rollup/plugin-json`), but not all of them, since some plugin hooks do not make sense in an unbundled dev server context.

In general, as long as a Rollup plugin fits the following criterias then it should just work as a Vite plugin:

- It doesn't use the [`moduleParsed`](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#moduleparsed) hook.
- It doesn't have strong coupling between bundle-phase hooks and output-phase hooks.

If a Rollup plugin only makes sense for the build phase, then it can be specified under `build.rollupOptions.plugins` instead.

You can also augment an existing Rollup plugin with Vite-only properties:

```js
// vite.config.js
import example from 'rollup-plugin-example'
import { defineConfig } from 'vite'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [
    {
      ...example(),
      enforce: 'post',
      apply: 'build'
    }
  ]
})
```

Check out [Vite Rollup Plugins](https://vite-rollup-plugins.patak.dev) for a list of compatible official Rollup plugins with usage instructions.

## Path normalization

Vite normalizes paths while resolving ids to use POSIX separators ( / ) while preserving the volume in Windows. On the other hand, Rollup keeps resolved paths untouched by default, so resolved ids have win32 separators ( \\ ) in Windows. However, Rollup plugins use a [`normalizePath` utility function](https://github.com/rollup/plugins/tree/master/packages/pluginutils#normalizepath) from `@rollup/pluginutils` internally, which converts separators to POSIX before performing comparisons. This means that when these plugins are used in Vite, the `include` and `exclude` config pattern and other similar paths against resolved ids comparisons work correctly.

So, for Vite plugins, when comparing paths against resolved ids it is important to first normalize the paths to use POSIX separators. An equivalent `normalizePath` utility function is exported from the `vite` module.

```js
import { normalizePath } from 'vite'

normalizePath('foo\\bar') // 'foo/bar'
normalizePath('foo/bar') // 'foo/bar'
```